What is AMD FreeSync?
FreeSync is a new monitor technology that's one of the most exciting developments we’ve seen in PC gaming for some time.
It’s designed to reduce some of the visual artefacts that can occur as a result of your monitor’s fixed refresh rate being out of sync with your graphics card’s frame rate. The technology is a response to Nvidia G-Sync, which was introduced about 18 months ago, and works in the same way, by adjusting the refresh rate of your monitor to match the frame rate of your graphics card. The result is supposed to be much smoother looking games even at lower frame rates.
Crucial to AMD’s approach is that where Nvidia’s solution replaces the controller in the monitor with one of its own design, AMD simply suggested a new addition to the DisplayPort standard. As such it’s likely FreeSync will become completely standard over the next few years.
For now, though, FreeSync is a new technology only available on a handful of monitors and only if you’ve got an AMD graphics card. We fired it up to see whether it’s worth getting in there early.
AMD FreeSync – What are tearing and stuttering?
Before we look in depth at FreeSync, let’s first define what it’s trying to fix. FreeSync and G-Sync both aim to solve the same problem, which is the poor quality experience caused by your graphics card’s frame rate being out of sync with your monitor’s fixed refresh rate.
These artefacts come in two forms. The first is known as tearing and it’s a result of your monitor not waiting for a complete new frame before updating its image. Instead it shows multiple frames in one image, resulting in a stepped, torn-looking image.
SEE ALSO: Check out our pick of the best Monitors 
This has long been identified and can be fixed by turning on V-Sync. This simply tells the monitor to wait for a whole frame to be delivered before updating the display. The result is tear-free, complete images.
However, V-Sync has its own problems. If the frame rate of your graphics card is insufficient the monitor ends up having to wait more than a single refresh cycle before displaying a new image. For instance, on a 60Hz monitor, each image is displayed for 10ms. If the monitor has to wait more than this period for a new frame then it instantly has to wait another 10ms before updating its image. The result is that you get a flipping between one image being shown for 10ms, another being shown for 20ms and even some being shown for 30ms or more.
While these time periods may not sound like much – indeed for a 24Hz cinema projection each image is designed to last 25s – the eye is surprisingly sensitive to changes in refresh rate. This undesirable variation is known as stuttering.
AMD FreeSync – How it works
FreeSync and G-Sync both aim to fix these issues by eliminating the fixed refresh rate of the monitor. That is, the graphics card explicitly tells the monitor when a whole new frame is ready and the monitor refreshes straight away.
So, for our 60Hz monitor example, if a frame takes 12ms to be delivered, instead of the monitor waiting until 20ms it is shown straight away.
While you still get a considerable overall variation in the exact time each frame is displayed the variation between each frame is likely to be much smaller. This is because when moving around a 3D game world the likelihood is that the scene won’t have changed so dramatically between frames to significantly affect the framerate – one might take 12ms, the next might be 14ms. However, as you move from, say, an indoor area to an outdoor area the overall framerate will drop.
For instance, if we take the sequence of frame times, 8ms, 10ms, 12ms, 8ms, 12ms, 11ms, 9ms, on a 60Hz FreeSync monitor these will appear to take 10ms, 12ms, 12ms, 10ms, 12ms, 11ms and 10ms to be rendered (the monitor has a maximum 60Hz refresh rate so it can’t refresh faster than 10ms). However, on a non-Freesync monitor with V-Sync, these frames would appear to take 10ms, 10ms, 20ms, 10ms, 20ms, 20ms and 10ms to be rendered. These greater differences between frames are much more noticeable.
The other advantage of this, other than it simply looking better, is that it reduces the feel of lag between you moving your mouse and seeing the image move onscreen.
The way FreeSync works is actually quite simple. It uses the existing vBlank signal that tells the monitor when to render a new frame but instead of keeping it fixed as previously, it varies it. This requires new controllers in the monitor (known as scalers) but being as it’s a tweak of an existing standard it’s easy for monitor manufacturers to implement.
AMD FreeSync – FreeSync vs G-Sync
Although FreeSync and G-Sync solve the same basic problem, the way they go about it is somewhat different. While both use the same vBlank tweaking method, for G-Sync, Nvidia added the tweak to its graphics cards but then it also designed a completely new monitor scaler too. This G-Sync module is proprietary and costs a fair amount of money so only a few monitor manufacturers have used it.
In contrast, AMD simply looked at how Nvidia had created G-Sync and suggested just changing the existing standard.
The result is that there is now an open standard called Adaptive Sync that is part of the DisplayPort spec. This can be implemented free of charge and by anybody, and as such it looks set to become a widely adopted feature. FreeSync, then, is just the AMD branded version of this with FreeSync-stamped products having been certified as worthy by AMD.
The only hindrance is that old hardware doesn’t recognise this command so you’ll still need to buy some new kit. Theoretically there should be plenty of monitors that can simply have their firmware upgraded to support Adaptive Sync but at this stage it’s looking unlikely this will happen, with manufacturers instead choosing to charge you a pretty penny for a new monitor instead.
SEE ALSO: Why your next monitor should have AMD FreeSync
Similarly the only graphics cards to support Adaptive Sync are AMD ones, with most of its GPUs and APUs of the last couple of years supporting the tech. Whether Intel and in particular Nvidia will choose to adopt the standard isn’t yet known but it would have to be a move of extreme sour grapes to not do so.
Because of this open standard Freesync monitors should be cheaper than G-Sync ones but currently monitor manufacturers have been cunning about not releasing directly comparable products so any cost saving is difficult to discern. However, a couple of examples give an hint as to the cheaper cost of FreeSync.
Looking at Overclockers.co.uk there are a couple of largely identical Acer Predator models, with 1080p resolutions and 144Hz TN panels. One uses FreeSync and is 27in while the other uses G-Sync and is 24in. The FreeSync model is only £20 more expensive at £359.99. Another example is the BenQ XL2730Z, which is a 27in FreeSync model with a 1440p resolution for £499.99. The similar Acer XB270HU is £689.99.
Meanwhile, comparing FreeSync to normal monitors, there appears to be around a £50 to £80 premium for a FreeSync models, though again direct comparison is difficult.
As well as its openness, FreeSync has a few other advantages over G-Sync. The first is that unlike G-Sync there isn't a slight performance hit when it's enabled. G-Sync can reduce performance by 3-5%, though in our tests we've found the difference to be almost imperceptible.
FreeSync also allows the user to choose whether they would like their monitor to stay fixed at the maxmimum refresh rate of their monitor when the graphics card delivers framerates at a higher rate or if the monitor should revert to a v-sync off state. Most users will likely stick to the former option but that latter is useful for competitive gamers who want the better look and feel of FreeSync but don't want to compromise on performance when the opportunity arises.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly, because FreeSync is an open standard it is being implemented by normal monitor scaler manufacturers. This means it comes with all the other feature those scalers normally contain, such as colour and brightness controls, an on screen menu and any extra features the monitor may have. G-Sync can't do any of these.
